Scottish witch trials vs English trials
Scotland's legal system:
Inquisitorial
procedure, use of torture,
influence of Roman law, penalty is burning
vs. England: customary, accusatory procedure
Centralized,
political control of witch trials
reviewed by Privy Council of King
(but then often unsupervised, no appeal)
vs
England: royal circuit court judges try cases
except during English Civil War
(case of Matthew Hopkins)
Religious
differences
England:
Anglican Church: more moderate
Scotland: Presbyterian (Calvinist)
1560 Scottish Reformation under John Knox
influence of Geneva and John Calvin
role of consistories (church courts)
try moral & religious offenses, denunciations
source of Scottish witchcraft accusations
1563 Scottish
witchcraft act: death penalty
for any magical activity or consultation
Scotland
statistics:
approx 1,000 executions out of 3,000 trials
much more severe than England